Canker Sores in Throat: What You Need to Know

Canker sores are small, painful spots that form inside your mouth or sometimes in your throat. They are also called aphthous ulcers. If you get them in your throat, it can hurt and be hard to swallow. These sores usually look like small, round spots with a white or gray center and a red edge. Knowing what causes them, what the symptoms are, how to diagnose them, and how to treat them can help you handle canker sores more easily.

What are Canker Sores?

Canker sores are small, painful spots that can appear inside your mouth or throat. They often show up on places like your tongue, gums, inner cheeks, or the back of the throat. These sores usually have a white or yellow center with a red border around them. They can hurt a lot and make eating, talking, or swallowing uncomfortable. Even though canker sores are painful, they are usually not harmful and often go away on their own within a couple of weeks.

Causes of Canker Sores in the Throat

Canker sores in the throat can happen for several reasons, though the exact cause is often unknown. Some factors that make throat canker sores more likely include:

Injury or Trauma

Canker sores in the throat can happen when the delicate skin inside the throat gets hurt or irritated. This can happen if you accidentally bite the inside of your throat or eat rough, sharp foods like chips or nuts that scratch the throat. Other causes include dental work, brushing your teeth too hard, or drinking very hot foods and drinks that burn the throat. Any kind of physical damage or irritation to your throat lining can cause these painful sores to form.

Stress

Physical or emotional stress can make your immune system weaker, which makes it easier for canker sores to appear. When you are stressed, your body is not as good at fighting infections or healing. This makes you more likely to get canker sores in your throat. Reducing stress by relaxing, exercising, and getting enough sleep may help prevent canker sores.

Hormonal Changes

Hormonal changes, like those during your menstrual cycle or pregnancy, can make canker sores in the throat more likely. When hormone levels go up and down, they can weaken your immune system, making it easier for sores to form. These changes not only increase the chance of getting canker sores but can also make them worse and happen more often. Scientists think hormones like estrogen affect the way your immune system works, which plays a part in how sores appear and heal. Managing these changes with good health habits and talking to a doctor can help reduce sore outbreaks during these times.

Food Sensitivities

Certain foods can cause or make canker sores in the throat worse. Acidic foods like citrus fruits and tomatoes can irritate the throat lining and lead to sores. Spicy foods may also cause burning and discomfort, making sores more likely. People who are sensitive to certain foods, including preservatives or artificial flavors in processed foods, might get canker sores when they eat these triggers. Rough or sharp foods like nuts and chips can scratch the throat, causing sores to form. Avoiding or reducing these foods might help prevent canker sores, especially if you notice they often appear after eating these types of foods.

Immune System Issues

Canker sores in the throat can be caused by problems with the immune system. Sometimes, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy parts of your body, including the lining of the throat, causing painful sores. This kind of issue is called an autoimmune disorder. Conditions like lupus or Crohn’s disease can make you more likely to get these sores. The immune system may also overreact to things like stress, certain foods, or infections, which irritate the throat and lead to sores. If you have these sores often, especially if they are painful or last a long time, it’s important to see a doctor.

Underlying Medical Conditions

Certain health problems can cause or make canker sores in the throat happen more often. Conditions like celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and autoimmune disorders make the throat lining weaker and more likely to get painful sores. These illnesses can cause the immune system to attack healthy throat tissue by mistake, making the sores last longer or come back again.

Symptoms of Canker Sores in the Throat

Canker sores in the throat can cause the following symptoms:

Pain

Canker sores in the throat can be very painful. The main symptom is sharp, stabbing pain that makes it hard to swallow, speak, or even eat or drink. This pain can get worse when you eat spicy, acidic, or hot foods. Sometimes, the pain can also spread to your ears or feel like a scratchy sensation in your throat, which can make daily activities uncomfortable. Most of the time, these sores are very painful, but they are not dangerous and usually go away on their own within a few weeks.

Redness and Swelling

Symptoms of canker sores in the throat include redness and swelling around the sore because the area becomes irritated or hurt. This swelling can make your throat feel tight or like there is a lump, which can make swallowing and talking painful. The skin around the sore may also feel warm and tender to the touch. Redness is your body's way of responding to the sore, showing that the area is inflamed.

Difficulty Swallowing

Big canker sores in your throat can make it hurt a lot when you try to swallow food or drinks. Because of the pain, you might eat or drink less, which could lead to weight loss or dehydration if it goes on too long. Sometimes, the pain can be so bad that it makes it hard to talk or do normal things. Watch out for these symptoms and talk to a doctor if swallowing gets very hard or if you notice signs of dehydration, like a dry mouth or feeling dizzy.

Sore Throat

Symptoms of canker sores in the throat often include a sore throat that may hurt even when you are not swallowing. This soreness can be mild or quite painful, making it uncomfortable to talk, eat, or drink. Sometimes, the pain might spread to your ears or cause a scratchy feeling in your throat. These symptoms can make everyday activities harder until the sores heal.

Fatigue

When you have canker sores in your throat, you might feel very tired or low on energy, especially if the sores are caused by other health issues like vitamin shortages or immune system problems. This tiredness can make everyday tasks harder and harder to finish. Sometimes, this fatigue doesn’t go away even after resting, and it can make focusing or doing normal activities tough.

Who Gets Canker Sores in the Throat?

Canker sores can happen to anyone, but they are more common in certain groups:

• Teens and young adults: Teens and young adults, especially those between 12 and 25 years old, are more likely to get canker sores in the throat. During these years, the body is still growing and changing a lot. Hormonal changes, stress from school or work, and busy lifestyles can all increase the chances of canker sores. Changes in diet, sleep, and the immune system during these years may also make it easier for sores to form.

• Women: Women are more likely to get canker sores in the throat, especially during times when their hormone levels change, like during menstrual periods or pregnancy. These hormonal changes make the lining of the mouth and throat more sensitive and can increase the chance of sores forming. Women might notice canker sores more often or feel the sores are worse during these times. Hormones like estrogen and progesterone affect how the body reacts to irritations and can make the tissues in the mouth and throat more prone to inflammation and sores.

• Individuals with certain health conditions: If you have health problems like celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or a weak immune system, you may get canker sores in your throat more often. These conditions can cause irritation or damage to the tissues, making sores more likely. People getting cancer treatments like chemotherapy or radiation, or those who have a lot of stress, hormone changes, or not enough nutrients (such as vitamin B12, iron, or folic acid), are also more likely to get canker sores in the throat. Children and young adults can get them more often, too. In general, anyone with a weak immune system or ongoing health problems should know they have a higher chance of getting canker sores.

Diagnosing Canker Sores in the Throat

If you get canker sores in your throat a lot or they don't go away after two weeks, you should see a doctor to find out what's causing them. To diagnose canker sores in the throat, the doctor will usually do a few things:

1. Medical History

Your doctor will ask if you have been sick recently, are under stress, or have changed your diet. They want to find out if anything is causing or making the sores worse. Your doctor may also ask if anyone in your family has had similar mouth or throat problems, if you have hurt your mouth or throat lately, and if your general health has changed. This information helps your doctor find out what might be causing the canker sores.

2. Physical Examination

When diagnosing canker sores in the throat, the doctor will carefully look at your mouth and throat using a light and a tool called a tongue depressor to get a clear view. They check for any sores, redness, or other problems. The doctor will also look for signs of other causes, like infections from viruses (like herpes) or bacteria, or other mouth conditions. This check helps the doctor make sure the problem is a canker sore and not something else, so they can suggest the right treatment. If the sores last longer than two weeks or are very painful, further tests may be needed to check for other health issues.

3. Blood Tests

When diagnosing canker sores in the throat, the doctor may order blood tests if they think vitamin deficiencies or immune problems are causing the sores. These tests check for low levels of vitamins like B12, folate, and iron, and look for signs of infections or autoimmune issues. Finding these problems helps the doctor treat the root cause of the sores. For example, if vitamin shortages are found, supplements can help; if immune problems are diagnosed, other treatments might be needed. Blood tests are useful when sores last a long time or keep coming back, helping to guide the best treatment plan.

Treatment for Canker Sores in the Throat

Most canker sores heal on their own within 7 to 14 days, but you can use some methods to reduce pain and help heal faster:

1. Over-the-Counter Medications

For treating canker sores in the throat, you can use over-the-counter gels or rinses that numb the pain when applied to the sores. These often have benzocaine, which helps reduce pain temporarily, making it easier to eat, drink, and speak. Products like Orabase and Anbesol are common and available without a prescription. They create a protective layer over the sore to help it heal and stop further irritation. It’s important to follow the instructions on the package carefully.

2. Saltwater or Baking Soda Rinse

Using a saltwater or baking soda rinse is a simple and effective way to treat canker sores in the throat. To make the rinse, dissolve about half a teaspoon of salt or baking soda in a glass of warm water. Gargle with this solution for about 30 seconds, then spit it out. You can repeat this several times a day. Salt helps reduce swelling and calm inflammation, while baking soda neutralizes acid in your throat that can make sores worse. These rinses are safe, affordable home remedies that can help ease pain and speed up healing while your throat recovers.

3. Prescription Medications

For very painful or frequent canker sores in the throat, doctors may prescribe stronger medicines to help. These can include mouth rinses or creams that reduce swelling and pain. Some common prescription options include steroid rinses like dexamethasone or topical creams with fluocinonide or clobetasol. If the sores are severe, oral medicines such as steroids or other drugs may be given to control symptoms. These treatments work by calming the immune system and reducing inflammation, which helps the sores heal faster and feel better. Always use prescription medicines exactly as your doctor tells you.

4. Nutritional Supplements

If canker sores in the throat are caused by not having enough vitamins like B12, folic acid, or iron, taking supplements can help your body heal and stop new sores from forming. Eating a healthy, balanced diet full of important nutrients supports your immune system and can help you recover faster. It’s best to see a doctor or healthcare provider to find out if you have any vitamin shortages and to get advice on the right supplements and diet for your needs.

5. Avoid Irritating Foods

If you have canker sores in your throat, it’s best to avoid foods that can irritate the sores and cause more pain. Stay away from spicy foods, acidic fruits like citrus or tomatoes, and rough or crunchy foods such as chips and nuts. These can make the sores hurt more and slow down healing. Instead, eat soft, bland foods like yogurt, mashed potatoes, or oatmeal to make swallowing easier and less painful. Drinking cool or warm (not hot or cold) drinks can also soothe your throat. Making these changes in your diet can help your throat heal faster and reduce discomfort while eating.

6. Pain Relievers

If you have canker sores in your throat, there are some over-the-counter pain medications that can help you manage the pain. These medications include ibuprofen, which is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and acetaminophen, which is a pain reliever. Taking these medications can help reduce the pain in your throat, especially when you are swallowing. It's important to follow the instructions on the medication and to talk to your doctor if you have any questions about taking the medication.

Preventing Canker Sores in the Throat

You can take a few simple steps to help prevent canker sores from forming in your throat:

1. Maintain Good Oral Hygiene

To help prevent canker sores in your throat, keep your mouth clean by brushing and flossing regularly. Use a soft toothbrush to avoid hurting the delicate tissues inside your mouth. Rinse with an antibacterial mouthwash and avoid toothpastes or mouthwashes that have sodium lauryl sulfate, as these can irritate your mouth and trigger sores. Replace your toothbrush every few months and visit your dentist regularly to check your oral health. Good oral hygiene reduces bacteria and irritation, which lowers the chance of getting canker sores again.

2. Manage Stress

Managing stress is an important way to help prevent canker sores in your throat. Stress weakens your immune system, making it easier for sores to form. Try to find ways to relax and reduce stress, such as regular exercise, deep breathing, meditation, or mindfulness activities. Making time for good sleep and hobbies can also help lower stress. By keeping your stress under control, you support your immune system, which lowers your chance of getting these painful sores.

3. Avoid Trigger Foods

To prevent canker sores in the throat, it’s important to avoid foods that might trigger them. Common triggers include spicy foods, acidic fruits like citrus, tomatoes, and strawberries, as well as rough or crunchy foods such as nuts and chips. Acidic and spicy foods can irritate the soft tissues and make sores worse or more likely to form. Keeping a food diary can help you identify which foods cause problems for you. Eating softer, bland foods and staying well hydrated can also reduce irritation and lower the chances of new sores developing.

4. Stay Hydrated

Drinking plenty of water throughout the day helps keep your mouth and throat moist, which is important for preventing canker sores. Staying well hydrated keeps your body's natural fluids balanced, reduces irritation, and helps sores heal faster. Besides water, eating hydrating foods like fruits and vegetables can also support your oral health. Proper hydration is a simple but effective way to protect your throat and lower your risk of painful canker sores.

5. Nutritional Support

To prevent canker sores in the throat, make sure you get enough vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin B12, folic acid, zinc, and iron. If your diet is missing these nutrients, your risk of sores goes up. Eating a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins helps support your immune system and oral health. Sometimes, your doctor may recommend vitamin or mineral supplements, especially if you have trouble absorbing nutrients or have dietary restrictions. Regular health check-ups can help make sure your body has the right nutrient levels to keep your mouth and throat healthy and prevent painful canker sores.

When to See a Doctor

Canker sores in the throat usually heal on their own and are not serious. However, you should see a doctor if:

• You should see a doctor if your canker sores last longer than two weeks or if they keep coming back again and again. This may indicate a more serious health issue that requires treatment. Your doctor will check your mouth and throat, and if needed, may do some tests to find out what’s causing the sores and how best to treat them. Getting help early can make sure you get the right care and feel better sooner.

• If the sores cause very bad pain that makes it hard to eat or drink, you should see a doctor. They can prescribe medicine to help with the pain, so eating and drinking become easier. You should also get medical help if the pain keeps you from sleeping, gets worse over time, or if you notice other worrisome signs like swelling, fever, or trouble swallowing. Seeing a doctor will help find out what is causing the pain and make sure you get the right treatment to feel better.

• You should see a doctor if you have a fever, very large sores, or swollen lymph nodes. These signs might mean an infection or another problem that needs medical care. Getting checked by a doctor early can help you get the right treatment and stop the problem from getting worse. It’s important to act fast if you notice these symptoms to keep yourself healthy.

• If you often get canker sores or think a health problem might be causing them, it's important to see a doctor. The doctor can look at your symptoms, find out what's causing the sores, and suggest the right treatment or ways to prevent them from happening so often. Getting medical help can reduce how often and how bad the sores are, helping you feel better and avoid future problems.

If you are dealing with painful canker sores in your throat or other health concerns, Center One Medical is here to help. Our team of skilled healthcare providers will work with you to create a personalized plan that fits your needs and find ways to ease your pain. Contact us and book a consultation today to start your journey toward feeling healthier and pain-free. We are ready to support you every step of the way.

Conclusion

Canker sores in the throat can be painful and uncomfortable, but most of the time, they go away by themselves. Knowing what causes them and how to deal with the pain can help you feel better faster. If the pain lasts a long time or if you get canker sores often, it’s smart to talk to a doctor. Remember, taking care of your health is important, and there is help available when you need it.

FAQs

1. Are canker sores in the throat contagious?

• No, canker sores are not contagious. You cannot catch them from someone else or pass them to others. They happen only inside one person’s mouth or throat.

2. How long do canker sores in the throat last?

• Most canker sores in the throat heal on their own within 7 to 14 days. During this time, you might feel pain or discomfort, especially when swallowing. You can use over-the-counter medicines and mouth rinses to help with the pain. Also, try to avoid spicy or acidic foods that can make the sores hurt more. If a sore lasts longer than two weeks, gets very large, or comes with bad pain, a high fever, or trouble swallowing, make sure to see a doctor. They can check for other problems and give you the right treatment to help you heal.

3. Can stress cause canker sores in the throat?

• Yes, stress can cause canker sores in your throat. When you are stressed, your immune system may get weaker, making it easier for sores to form. Stress, whether from emotions or physical causes, can bring on new sores or make old ones worse. To help lower how often you get sore, try to manage stress with things like relaxing, exercising, and living a healthy life. Taking care of your mind and body can make a big difference in preventing canker sores.

4. What foods should I avoid if I have canker sores in the throat?

• If you have canker sores in your throat, it’s best to avoid certain foods that can make the sores hurt more or slow down healing. Stay away from spicy foods, acidic fruits like oranges, lemons, and tomatoes, and rough or crunchy snacks like chips and nuts. Also, avoid salty snacks, carbonated drinks, and very hot foods or beverages. Instead, choose soft and mild foods like yogurt, mashed potatoes, oatmeal, or smoothies, which are easier on your throat and can help you heal faster.

5. Can canker sores in the throat be a sign of something more serious?

• Usually, canker sores are harmless and go away on their own. But if you get them often or they are very painful, it might mean there is a health issue, such as a nutrient deficiency or an immune system problem. In that case, see a doctor for a checkup.